Cancer remains a life threatening disease. Because until now medical experts continue to develop some drugs and therapy techniques to combat it. A recent therapy called immunotherapy gives new mainstay for cancer patients.
"Immunotherapy in principle regulate the immune system (resistance) of the body to fight the cancer, by activating the patient's immune system," said the oncology experts from Myanmar, Aung Myo, the health discussion in Jakarta.
Furthermore, he explained, the immune system responsible for fighting some of the causes of the disease. However, the problems are not uncommon cancer immune cells can not recognize cancer cells, the malignant cells are free to spread and evolve constantly.
It did not escape from the 'brains' of cancer cells in hiding him. "Apparently, there is something that sets the cancer cells can not be recognized by the immune cells."
Because of that, in immunotherapy, used a substance that can remove the 'veil' of cancer cells. Aung Myo then discuss the working principles.
"Normally, when there is cause germs enter the body, the bacteria will remove the antigen, the immune system recognizes it will respond, deflect, and put it down."
However, the problem of cancer, immune cells does not move because the cancer cells have a protein called programmed cell death ligands (PD-L1). When dealing with immune cells, PD-L1 will bind to the receptor PD1 provided on the surface of immune cells.
"When PD-L1 binding to receptor PD 1 becomes inactive immune cells then attack the cancer cells."
Indeed, further Aung, protein PD-L1 owned our body cells to protect themselves from attacks immune cells. Thus, the cells of the body avoid the attack of immune cells. If not so, there would be an autoimmune condition, which is a condition where immune cells attack the cells of our own bodies.
"Well, the cancer cells PD-L1 put at his disposal to protect themselves from attacks immune cells."
?? In immunotherapy, said Aung Myo, use of drugs containing the active substance named pembrolizumab. Pembrolizumab anti-PD1. With these properties, the substance was blocking PD-L1 binds to PD1. Thus, immune cells can recognize and destroy cancer cells.
"In practice, pembrolizumab drug given to patients through the infusion," said Aung Myo.
Melanoma
Aung Myo, said so far pembrolizumab developed global pharmaceutical company MSD was only used in the treatment of melanoma skin cancer alias. For the treatment of melanoma, pembrolizumab infused in patients with a dose of 2 mg / kg body weight every three weeks while two years. The duration of the infusion of the drug passes approximately 30 minutes.
"Although the effects gave rise to headaches and fatigue remarkable, for melanoma patients pembrolizumab can add value to the fate of the patient up to 37% higher than the results of standard therapy for melanoma, which is the drug ipilimumab," said Aung Myo, who also serves as Medical Affairs Director MSD Oncology for Asia Pacific.
Unfortunately, Today, pembrolizumab not go into Indonesia. "Even the standard therapy of melanoma, with ipilimumab, in Indonesia as well not exist."
?? In fact, based on data Globocan (WHO) in 2002, the number of melanoma patients in Indonesia reached 1,025. The number was put Indonesia in the third country with the highest number of melanoma patients in Asia.
"The mortality rate (mortality) of melanoma on the Indonesia is quite high. Of 349 male patients, 193 people died, as well as from Âwanita 708 patients, 404 died. This happened because of lack of knowledge society will be melanoma."
Melanoma is a skin cancer ?? resemble moles of irregular shape. On the outskirts of the mole does not mean a combination of black, brown, blue alias.
"Signs mole melanoma include more than 0.6 mm in diameter and will continue to widen, from small to large size in a fairly quick time," said Aung.
He added, though now the approval of National Agency of Drug and Food USA (FDA) for a new pembrolizumab limited to melanoma therapy, research on its use have been conducted on 10 of the most common types of cancer in the world with some kind of stage.
"Hopefully anti-PD 1 with pembrolizumab immediately be used for the treatment of other cancer types. What we are waiting for FDA approval for use in pulmonary kanÂker," said Aung Myo.
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